GalaxyBy Simon Kneen
Galaxy
Patterns in Star Orbits Reveal the Origin and Evolution of Galaxies and Generate Vast Grand Designs.
Orbit of Stars
The orbit of huge amounts of stars across the Galaxy reveal patterns of matter movement. This may relate to fundamental processes driving evolution of galaxies.
The movement of stars, put very simply, appears to be circular around the galaxy. However, stars could be orbiting in spirals and yet seem circular if that process was gradual. Orbits are so vast and stars trajectory comparatively slow that spiralling might just appear relatively circular. It is important to determine the general orbit of stars as spiralling (unlike most other options) has different fundamental processes, than merger, to drive it.
Image credit: Nick Risinger / NASA. Artistic impression of our own galaxy, the Milky Way.
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There are alternatives or options to how stars orbit around the Galactic Plane. Most stars could orbit circularly (as predicted by Merger), inwardly or outwardly. Other options are not covered here like elliptical orbit.
Patterns in galaxies created by the movement of matter, like stars, may be related to a gradual outward spiral.
Rather than moving in circles around the center of the Milky Way, all the stars in our Galaxy are travelling along different paths, moving away from the Galactic center. This has just been evidenced by Arnaud Siebert and Benoit Famaey, astronomers at the Strasbourg Astronomical Observatory, and by their colleagues in other countries. Credit: Gal Matijevic, Ljubljana University
Widespread and general outward spiraling is likely to originate or start close to the Galaxy Centre, the location of a Super Massive Black Hole (SMBH), and nothing should escape those.
This artist’s impression of the galaxy IRAS F11119+3257 shows the outflow of molecular gas (red) powered by winds from a supermassive black hole at the galaxy’s core. Image credit: ESA/ATG medialab
And yet these galaxy cores behave strangely. Instead of matter being gobbled up by immense gravity, huge quantities seem to move away in whats called 'outflow'. Large amounts of matter may spread out across the galaxy in an outward progression, from close to the Event Horizon, powered somehow by the SMBH.
X-ray emission from the monster galaxy and surrounding hot (30-70 million degrees C) cluster gas. The bright central source is the supermassive black hole at the core of Perseus A itself. Low density regions are seen as dark bubbles or voids, believed to be generated by cyclic outbursts of activity from the central black hole. Image credit: NASA/CXC/IoA/A.Fabian et al.
Huge amounts of matter blast out of the centre.
The new-found outflows of particles (pale blue) from the Galactic Center. The background image is the whole Milky Way at the same scale. The curvature of the outflows is real, not a distortion caused by the imaging process. Credits: Ettore Carretti, CSIRO (radio image); S-PASS survey team (radio data); Axel Mellinger, Central Michigan University (optical image); Eli Bressert, CSIRO (composition
The rotational velocity of an outward trajectory would relate to a uniform and relatively regular, but gradual, slowing effect as may be demonstrated here (B) - but not close to the centre. This general slowing has recently been confirmed by GAIA. Measured velocity (B) does not associate well with endless orbit and merger predictions (A).
Speed of stars in galaxies from the centre. Predicted (A) and observed (B) rotation curve of a galaxy. (credit: PhilHibbs (Wikimedia Commons) )
Outflow may be a powerful 'local' process to the centre (currently excepted) or, in this proposal, spread matter out across the galaxy.
Patterns of matter movement in the Galaxy will show which is true. Resulting in either circular orbit or outward spiralling.